Diving Into the History and Meaning of Camel Wool

The fascination with wool has been prevalent since ancient times. However, there is one type of wool that has not received as much attention: camel wool. While most people associate wool with sheep, it might come as a surprise that camels also have wool that has cultural and historical significance. The cultural importance of camel wool can be traced back to ancient times, and it continues to be an essential component of many societies today. In this article, we will explore the historical significance of camel wool in different cultures, its traditional uses, benefits, sustainability, and potential in the future of the fashion industry.

Camel Wool through History

From Bedouin nomads to elite fashion designers, camel wool has been intertwined in history and culture for millennia. This natural fiber, formed from the thick coat of camels, has provided essential warmth and protection to people across various terrains and climates. The origins of camel wool can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where it was used for everyday garments and luxurious textiles. From the Andean mountains to the Mongolian desert, camel wool has played a significant role in various cultures throughout history. Understanding the historical significance of this unique wool provides a deeper appreciation for its modern-day uses and sustainability.

Origins of Camel Wool

Camel wool is a luxurious fiber with a rich and ancient history. The use of camel wool dates back to ancient times, as nomadic cultures have relied on these hardy animals for sustenance and clothing for thousands of years. The origins of camel wool can be traced back to the deserts of Central Asia, where the Bactrian camel was first domesticated. The Bactrian camel is known for its two humps and thick, shaggy coat, which provides excellent insulation against the harsh desert climate. It is believed that the nomadic tribes of the Gobi Desert were the first to use camel wool to make durable and protective clothing.

As camel wool gained popularity, it spread to other cultures and regions, such as the Middle East, where camels were used for transportation and wool production. The Bedouin people of Arabia have long used camel wool for their tents, rugs, and clothing. In fact, camel wool is still highly valued in the Middle East today, where it is often used in traditional textiles and handicrafts.

Shearing techniques for camel wool vary depending on the region, but generally involve using a sharp knife to carefully remove the wool from the camel’s coat. Once harvested, the wool must be meticulously sorted and graded to ensure that it is of the highest quality. The color and texture of camel wool can vary depending on the breed of camel, and it is often dyed to achieve a desired shade. For an in-depth guide on dyeing camel wool, check out our guide on dyeing camel wool.

Despite its long history, camel wool has only recently gained popularity in the fashion and interior design industries. Innovations in camel wool production have made it possible to create textiles that are lightweight, soft, and warm. For more information on how camel wool is being used in fashion and interior design, see our article on innovative camel wool fashions and interior design.

The origins of camel wool can be traced back to the ancient nomadic cultures of Central Asia, where the Bactrian camel was first domesticated. Today, camel wool continues to be highly valued for its durability, warmth, and luxurious feel. To learn more about collecting and cleaning camel wool, see our article on the journey of camel hair from animal to textile.

Cultural Importance of Camel Wool

Camel wool has played a significant role in many cultures throughout history. The wool was considered as a luxurious item and was frequently preferred for its exceptional quality, durability, and versatility.

In Arab culture, camel wool holds a sacred position. Camels were domesticated about 5000 years ago in Arabia, and since then, they have been an integral part of the Arab culture. In the early days, the Bedouin tribes relied on camel wool for many purposes, including clothing, carpet weaving, and tent making. Due to the ability of camel wool to protect them from the extreme desert climate, it soon became a symbol of elegance and royalty. Today, camel wool remains important in Arab culture, with many families passing down their traditional camel wool garments from generation to generation.

In Central Asia, camel wool was crucial to survival. For the nomads of Central Asia, including Mongolia and parts of China, camel wool was an essential component of their clothing. They used camel wool to make winter clothing, as it provided excellent insulation against the harsh and icy climate. The wool’s natural resistance to water and wind made it ideal for keeping them warm and comfortable in their inhospitable habitats.

In South America, camel wool is synonymous with luxury. In the Andean region of South America, camel wool is considered a luxurious material. The descendants of the Incas have been using camel wool for centuries to create intricate clothing and textiles, including shawls, ponchos, and blankets. The wool’s softness and warmth are highly valued, and artisans use traditional techniques to create unique, high-quality woven pieces.

In Kashmiri culture, camel wool is known as Shahtoosh. Shahtoosh is a type of fine camel wool produced by the Changthangi goat primarily found in the Changthang region of Ladakh in India. Though the wool is rare, Kashmiri artisans consider it as the ultimate luxury. Shahtoosh shawls are known for their lightness, softness, and warmth and have been worn by royalty as a symbol of status for centuries.

Camel wool has had a significant impact on cultures across the globe for its exceptional quality and durability. From traditional uses in clothing, carpet weaving, and tent making, camel wool has evolved to become a luxurious material in the fashion industry. With the constantly evolving technology, new techniques for sustainable camel wool production are being developed to keep up with the increasing demand for this valuable and versatile material.

Camel Wool in Fashion

Camel wool has been used in fashion for centuries and was highly sought after in Europe during the Middle Ages due to its rarity and luxurious texture. Today, camel wool is still considered a high-end material in the fashion industry, utilized in items such as coats, scarves, and shawls.

Camel wool’s unique texture: One of the most notable features of camel wool is its distinct texture. The fibers are hollow, which allows them to trap heat and provide exceptional insulation. Additionally, the fibers are naturally curly, giving camel wool a uniquely soft and fluffy texture that is highly sought after.

Camel wool colors: Another characteristic of camel wool that is highly prized by fashion designers is its natural color. Camel wool comes in various shades of brown, from light sandy hues to deep chocolates. These natural colors are highly desirable, as they require little or no dyeing, making camel wool an ideal choice for eco-conscious designers.

Camel wool in haute couture: Camel wool has been featured in some of the world’s most iconic haute couture designs, such as the iconic Chanel jacket, which was first introduced in the 1950s and continues to be a classic today. Camel wool is also a staple material for luxury coat makers, like Max Mara, who have based their entire brand around the material.

New technologies for camel wool: As demand for camel wool has grown, new technologies have been developed to improve production and quality. Shearing techniques have been refined to ensure that the fibers are not damaged during the process, and sorting and grading practices have been standardized to ensure consistency across batches. These new technologies allow for higher quality camel wool to be produced more efficiently, making it more accessible to designers.

Camel wool’s unique texture, natural colors, and association with luxury make it a highly desirable material in the fashion industry. With new technologies making production more efficient and sustainable, camel wool is sure to remain a popular choice for designers and consumers alike.

To learn more about the benefits and properties of camel wool, check out our guide to understanding camel wool benefits.

New Technologies to Improve Camel Wool Production

Modern technology has significantly improved the production of camel wool, making it a more efficient and precise process. One example is the use of computerized sorting and grading machines which help to classify the wool into different levels of quality based on its texture, color, and length. This technology allows for faster and more accurate sorting, improving the quality of the wool and reducing waste.

Advances in shearing techniques have made the process quicker and less stressful for the camels. Traditional shearing involves using scissors or blades, which can be dangerous for both the animal and the person carrying out the shearing. Using electric shearing machines, however, has made the process safer and faster, while also reducing the risk of injury to the camel.

There are also new technologies being developed to help increase the yield of camel wool from each camel. For example, a company in Australia has developed a journey camel hair method, which involves carefully combing the hair from the camel rather than shearing it. This method allows the camel to keep its hair, and therefore its protection from the hot and cold weather conditions, while still allowing farmers to collect the wool. This is particularly important in areas where the climate is harsh, and the camels need all the protection they can get.

These new technologies are helping to improve the efficiency and sustainability of camel wool production, while also ensuring that the welfare of the camels is being taken into account. By using the latest techniques, farmers and producers can ensure that the wool they produce is of the highest quality, making it more attractive to buyers and helping to secure the future of the camel wool industry.

Traditional Uses of Camel Wool in Different Cultures

As we explored the historical significance of camel wool, we discovered that it played a vital role in different cultures. The unique features of camel wool allowed it to become a valuable resource for many civilizations. From Bedouin and Andean cultures to Mongolian and Kashmiri Shahtoosh Wool producers, camel wool has been used for multiple purposes throughout history. In this section, we will delve deeper into the traditional uses of camel wool in these cultures and learn about the significance of this material in their everyday lives. Let us embark on a journey to discover the rich cultural heritage behind camel wool.

Bedouin Culture

Bedouin Culture has a deep-rooted history of using camel wool for various purposes, making it an integral part of their lifestyle. Camels have played an incredibly significant role in Bedouin culture for centuries. As a result, their wool has become a valuable commodity used in various aspects of the Bedouin way of life.

Bedouin women have been using camel wool to create traditional textiles, including rugs, blankets, and tents, for centuries. The creation of these textiles is a long and meticulous process that requires skill, knowledge, patience, and attention to detail. First, the wool must be carefully sorted and cleaned. Then, it is spun into yarn using a spindle or spinning wheel. Finally, the yarn is woven into various textiles.

The textiles created using camel wool play an essential role in Bedouin culture. They are used as floor coverings, mattresses, bags, and clothing, among other things. Bedouin tents, known as “black tents,” are traditionally made using camel wool. These tents are highly valued and are known for their ability to keep their occupants cool in the hot desert climate.

Camel wool also has religious significance in Bedouin culture. It is used to create prayer rugs and other religious textiles. Bedouin men can often be seen wearing traditional garments made of camel wool, such as the “thobe” or “dishdasha.”

The Bedouin people have developed unique shearing techniques and sorting methods to obtain the finest quality camel wool. The wool is typically sheared during the spring molting season, and special combs are used to sort the wool by hand. The highest quality wool is reserved for the most luxurious textiles and garments.

Camel wool has played an essential role in Bedouin culture for centuries. Its versatility and unique properties have made it a valuable commodity used in various aspects of Bedouin life. Its significance continues to this day, as Bedouin women continue to create traditional textiles using time-honored techniques.

Andean Culture

In the Andean culture, camel wool is known as “vicuña”, a term used to describe the fleece of wild South American camelids. The vicuña fiber is considered one of the finest and most luxurious fibers globally, with a fineness of fewer than 12 microns, which is similar to the diameter of the cashmere fiber. The fiber is so fine that it requires intricate and delicate processing to avoid damage to the fiber structure.

Andean communities have been working with vicuña wool for thousands of years. They have developed a traditional system of shearing, which is done by hand without harming the delicate fibers. The shearing process takes place once every two years, in a traditional ceremony involving the entire community. Following the shearing, the animals are released back into the wild.

After shearing, the fiber goes through an intense process of sorting and grading to remove impurities and separate the fibers according to their quality. Only the finest fibers are used for textiles, while coarser fibers are used for other products. The sorted fibers are then cleaned, spun, and woven into luxurious fabrics, mainly shawls and ponchos.

The journey of camel hair into luxurious wool products in the Andean culture is not only an economic activity but also a cultural and social practice. Vicuña is highly valued in the Andean culture, and the fiber is considered a symbol of the community’s identity and traditions. Vicuña wool is sourced sustainably and provides income and employment for rural communities.

The Andean culture’s use of vicuña wool showcases the importance of preserving traditional techniques and sustainable production in the fashion industry.  

Mongolian Culture

Mongolian culture has a long history of using camel wool for clothing and other items, particularly in the harsh winter climate. Camel wool is an essential material for the nomadic people who herd camels for their living. Let us take a look at the table below to see how Mongolian culture has used camel wool:

Type of Clothing/Item	Description
Camel woolen coat (Deel)	Made from thick and warm camel wool, it is a long robe-like garment, traditionally worn with a sash or belt.
Camel wool sweater (Gerege)	Knitted from camel wool, this traditional item is designed to fit snugly to the body to keep the wearer warm.
Camel woolen carpet (Ger carpet)	Camel wool is also used to make carpets that are used to insulate the interiors of the traditional Mongolian yurts, or gers.
Felt boots (Gutul)	Made from felted camel wool, these boots are designed to be lightweight and warm, perfect for the harsh Mongolian winter.

These items are just a few examples of how camel wool is used in Mongolian culture. It is important to note that the Mongolian herders use sustainable and eco-friendly methods to produce camel wool, making it a valuable and environmentally conscious material. For more information on the shearing techniques used to obtain the camel wool, check out our previous article on the topic. Additionally, for an overview of the sorting and grading process, check out our article here.

Kashmiri Shahtoosh Wool

Kashmiri Shahtoosh wool is known for its fine texture and lightweight, making it a highly sought-after luxury fiber. The wool is derived from the underbelly of the Tibetan antelope, also known as the shahtoosh. The shahtoosh is native to the Changthang plateau in Tibet and Ladakh regions of India.

Key Characteristics	Importance
Softness: Shahtoosh wool is incredibly soft due to the fine diameter of the fibers.	The ultra-soft texture makes shahtoosh wool incredibly desirable for clothing, accessories, and home furnishings.
Lightweight: The wool is extremely lightweight, with garments weighing as little as 50 grams.	This makes shahtoosh wool ideal for warm weather garments and accessories such as scarves and shawls.
Fiber Diameter: The diameter of shahtoosh wool fibers is less than 10 microns.	The fine diameter fibers help to create the soft texture and luxurious drape of shahtoosh wool garments.

Despite its luxurious qualities, the production of shahtoosh wool has been outlawed since 1975 due to concerns about the impact on the shahtoosh antelope population. Poaching of these animals for their wool has resulted in a significant decline in their numbers, and the wool is now considered an endangered species product. As a result, it is illegal to sell or purchase shahtoosh wool, and anyone caught with it can face legal penalties.

While Kashmiri Shahtoosh wool is a highly coveted luxury fiber, its production and use have significant ethical and legal concerns. It is important to seek out alternative, sustainable materials for clothing and home furnishings.

Camel Wool Benefits and Modern Uses

As society continues to prioritize sustainability and eco-friendly materials, camel wool has gained popularity for its numerous benefits and modern uses. This luxurious fiber is not only warm and durable, but also hypoallergenic and naturally water-resistant, making it ideal for a range of applications. In this section, we will delve into the properties and advantages of camel wool, as well as explore its diverse uses in the modern age.

Properties of Camel Wool

Camel wool possesses a number of unique properties that make it highly prized in the textile industry. Here are some of the most notable ones:

• Insulation: Camel wool has excellent insulating properties, making it ideal for use in cold weather. Its fibers are hollow, which helps to trap warm air and keep the wearer cozy.
• Softness: Despite its insulating properties, camel wool is also incredibly soft to the touch. It is often compared to cashmere in terms of its texture and feel.
• Water resistance: Camel wool is naturally water-resistant, due to the lanolin oil that coats the fibers. This makes it a good choice for use in outerwear and other garments that may be exposed to moisture.
• Durability: Camel wool is extremely durable and long-lasting, thanks to its strong, resilient fibers. It can withstand a great deal of wear and tear, making it a sustainable choice for clothing.
• Breathability: Despite its insulating properties, camel wool is also breathable, allowing air to circulate and prevent overheating. This makes it a good choice for use in a wide range of climates.
• Hypoallergenic: Camel wool is hypoallergenic, meaning it is less likely to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. It is also resistant to bacteria and other microorganisms, making it a good choice for those with skin sensitivities.

All of these properties make camel wool a highly desirable material for use in clothing, especially in colder climates. However, its rarity and high cost have made it something of a luxury item in the fashion industry. Nonetheless, as new technologies are developed to improve the efficiency of camel wool production, it is possible that we may see this unique fiber become more widely available in the future.

Benefits of Camel Wool

Camel wool is a unique and valuable fiber with numerous benefits. Here are some of the benefits of using camel wool:

• Thermal Regulation: Camel wool has excellent insulating properties that help regulate body temperature. It can keep you warm in cold weather and cool in hot weather.
• Moisture Wicking: Camel wool fibers have a unique structure that allows them to absorb and wick away moisture, keeping you dry and comfortable.
• Fire Resistance: Camel wool is naturally fire-resistant, making it a safe and durable option for a variety of applications.
• Hypoallergenic: Camel wool is hypoallergenic and does not irritate the skin, making it a great option for people with sensitive skin.
• Durable: Camel wool fibers are strong and durable, making camel wool products long-lasting and able to withstand wear and tear.
• Odor-Resistant: Camel wool contains lanolin, which has natural antimicrobial properties that help prevent odors from building up over time.
• Sustainable: Camel wool is a sustainable and environmentally friendly fiber, as camels require minimal water and food compared to other animals used for wool production.

These benefits make camel wool an excellent choice for a variety of products, including clothing, blankets, and home decor items. Additionally, the sustainable nature of camel wool production makes it a responsible option for consumers concerned about the impact of their purchasing choices.

Camel Wool Applications

Camel wool is a versatile material that has been used for various applications throughout history. With its unique properties and benefits, it has found its way into several industries. Let’s take a look at some of the most common camel wool applications in the modern world:

Application	Description
Textile Industry	Camel wool is widely used in the textile industry for making clothes, blankets, rugs, and carpets. It has excellent insulation properties, making it ideal for winter garments. Additionally, camel wool is stronger than other natural fibers, making it more durable and resilient.
Automotive Industry	The automotive industry uses camel wool as a sound insulating material due to its excellent dampening properties. It reduces the noise and vibrations from the engine, providing a more peaceful ride.
Construction Industry	Camel wool is an excellent thermal insulation material used in construction. It has excellent fire-retardant properties, making it a popular choice for insulation. Additionally, it is resistant to mold, mildew, and bacterial growth, making it an ideal material for insulation.
Medical Industry	Camel wool has been used in the medical industry for decades due to its hypoallergenic and antibacterial properties. It is commonly used in bandages, surgical clothing, and bed linen to promote faster healing and prevent infection.
Home decor Industry	Camel wool is used to create beautiful home decor products such as throws, pillows, and curtains. It provides a warm and cozy feel to the interior spaces and is widely used in homes for this purpose.
Sports Industry	Camel wool is used to create specialized sports apparel for outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and trekking. It provides excellent insulation against the cold weather and is lightweight, making it an ideal choice for sports enthusiasts.

From the table, it’s clear that camel wool has a wide range of applications. Its unique properties such as thermal insulation, hypoallergenic nature, and antibacterial properties make it ideal for several industries. The future prospects for camel wool in these industries are bright, and it’s exciting to see how this versatile natural fiber is being utilized today.

Camel Wool Sustainability and Future in the Fashion Industry

As the fashion industry continues to grapple with the environmental impact of clothing production, alternatives to traditional materials such as cotton and synthetic fabrics have become increasingly popular. One such material is camel wool, known for its durability, softness, and warmth. However, the sustainability of camel wool production has also come under scrutiny. In this section, we will explore the various aspects of camel wool sustainability and its future in the fashion industry.

Sustainable Camel Wool Production

Sustainability has become a top concern in the fashion industry, leading to the need for responsible production of materials, such as camel wool. The production of this material follows a sustainable process that involves various stages, from rearing the animal to harvesting the wool. Here are some factors that contribute to the sustainable camel wool production process:

Fair treatment of camels	The fair treatment of camels is essential in ensuring sustainable production of camel wool. Unethical practices, such as forced overgrazing or overloading camels, are detrimental to the wellbeing of the animals and their wool production. Responsible herders prioritize the comfort and welfare of the camels, ensuring they graze in spacious and healthy pastures without being subjected to unnecessary hardship.
Efficient use of resources	The efficient use of natural resources, including water and food, is critical in the sustainability of camel wool production. Due to the harsh and often arid environments where camels roam freely, efficient resource use is necessary to ensure sustainability. Herders must carefully regulate grazing practices to preserve pastures and guarantee sufficient resources for the camels.
Sustainable harvesting techniques	Camel wool is typically harvested once a year when the animals shed their winter coats. Sustainable harvesting techniques involve gently collecting wool from the animal without causing any harm. The wool is then cleaned, spun, and transformed into a range of products such as clothing, furniture upholstery, and carpets. Camel wool’s durability and heat insulation make it an excellent material for home and outdoor textiles.
Support for local communities	Many communities rely on camel herding and wool production for their livelihoods. Sustainable camel wool production should prioritize supporting these communities by providing fair wages, safe working conditions, and investing in local economies. Promoting local craftspeople and traditional weaving methods can ensure the production of high-quality products and preserve cultural practices.

Sustainable camel wool production ensures the longevity of the material’s quality and availability, benefiting both the environment and the people who depend on it. It is crucial that consumers value sustainable practices and support brands that uphold these values.

Camel Wool in Fashion Today

Today, camel wool continues to play a significant role in fashion. Firstly, high-end fashion designers have recognized the quality and versatility of camel wool, using it in their collections. For example, Louis Vuitton featured camel hair coats in their Fall/Winter 2020 men’s collection. Additionally, fast fashion brands have also started to incorporate camel wool into their designs, making it more accessible to the general public.

The sustainability of camel wool also contributes to its popularity in fashion today. As consumers become more conscious of their environmental impact, they are turning to more sustainable materials like camel wool. The fact that camel wool is eco-friendly and biodegradable makes it a popular choice among eco-conscious consumers.

Another reason for the popularity of camel wool in fashion is its unique texture and color. Camel wool has a beautiful natural color that ranges from beige to light brown, and it also has a soft, luxurious feel that is highly sought-after in the fashion world.

Some popular camel wool fashion items today include coats, scarves, sweaters, and hats. These items are not only stylish, but they are also functional and can keep you warm during the cold winter months.

The continued use of camel wool in fashion today is a testament to its durability, sustainability, and unique texture and color. From high-end fashion brands to fast fashion, camel wool is a popular material that continues to attract consumers who are looking for quality and sustainability in their fashion choices.

Future Prospects for Camel Wool

The future of camel wool is bright as it gains more recognition for its sustainability and unique properties. Innovation in the textile industry and conscious consumerism could lead to increased demand for camel wool in the coming years.

The following table highlights some potential future prospects for camel wool:

Prospects	Description
Alternative to cashmere	As consumers become more mindful of animal welfare, the demand for cashmere as a luxury fiber is decreasing. Camel wool has similar properties to cashmere and could become a more ethical and sustainable alternative.
Breathable sportswear	Camel wool’s ability to regulate body temperature and absorb moisture makes it a great candidate for sportswear. Expect to see more eco-friendly athletic clothing made from camel wool in the future.
Home textiles	Camel wool’s durability and insulating properties make it ideal for blankets, throws, and rugs. With a shift towards sustainable home decor, camel wool textiles may become more popular.
Collaborations with fashion designers	As designers become more aware of the environmental impact of fast fashion, they are turning to sustainable materials like camel wool. Collaborations between designers and camel wool producers could help introduce camel wool to a wider audience.
Advances in production technology	New technologies for spinning, weaving, and finishing camel wool could increase the efficiency of the production process while maintaining the quality of the fiber. Advancements in camel wool production could lead to more affordable and accessible products.

The future of camel wool looks promising as it continues to gain recognition for its sustainability and versatility. As consumers become more conscious of their purchasing decisions, we can expect to see an increase in demand for eco-friendly and ethically-sourced materials like camel wool.

Conclusion

In conclusion, camel wool has played a significant role in the history and culture of various societies around the world. From the nomadic Bedouin tribes of the Middle East to the high-altitude communities of the Andean mountains, camel wool has been valued for its warmth, durability, and other beneficial properties.

Moreover, the modern fashion industry has recognized the value of camel wool and its potential in everything from high-end clothing to everyday wear. With technological advancements, camel wool production has become more sustainable and efficient, making it an attractive option for environmentally conscious consumers.

Not only is camel wool a practical and sustainable material, but it also holds cultural and historical significance, making it an important resource for preserving and celebrating diverse regional customs and traditions.

As the world becomes more aware of the importance of sustainable resources and production methods, camel wool is likely to continue to gain recognition and popularity as an ethical and practical alternative to traditional fashion materials. Its benefits extend far beyond warmth and durability, making it a valuable resource for both traditional and modern lifestyles.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is camel wool made of?

Camel wool is made from the soft undercoat of the Bactrian or dromedary camel.

What makes camel wool so special?

Camel wool is special because it provides warmth without being bulky, has great insulating properties, and is hypoallergenic.

How is camel wool harvested?

Camel wool is harvested by combing or shearing the camels during molting season.

What are the traditional uses of camel wool?

Traditional uses of camel wool include clothing, blankets, and tapestries.

What are some modern uses of camel wool?

Modern uses of camel wool include coats, suits, and home decor.

What are the benefits of camel wool over other materials?

Benefits of camel wool include its ability to regulate body temperature, durability, and moisture-wicking properties.

Is camel wool sustainable?

Yes, camel wool is sustainable because camels are generally raised in arid regions and do not require much water or food.

What is the future of camel wool in fashion?

The future of camel wool in fashion looks bright as more designers strive to incorporate sustainable and eco-friendly fabrics into their collections.

Is camel wool expensive?

Camel wool can be more expensive than other types of wool due to its scarcity and high production costs.

What are some other animal fibers used in clothing?

Other animal fibers used in clothing include cashmere from goats, angora from rabbits, and mohair from sheep.

References

• Why Camels Are Important to Emirati Culture
• Australian feral camel – Wikipedia